footage of chernobyl Gorilla Fact File - Mammals

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts!
This fact file is all about Gorillas in the series Mammals.

- Brief Overview:
Gorillas are the worlds largest primate and are native only to Africa. There are two varieties of Gorilla, the mountain Gorilla and the Lowland Gorilla. The mountain gorilla inhabits the mountainous regions of central Africa, while the lowland gorilla lives in the flat, dense forests of central and western Africa. Though they are very similar, they do have a few differences. For example, mountain gorillas tend to have longer hair, whereas lowland gorillas have short, soft hair.
Gorillas live in groups called troops or bands. A band of gorillas can have as many as 50 members. They are led by a dominant male, called a silverback, which can be identified by a grey strip of hair on his back. Throughout the day, different activities are designated to different times. Mornings and evenings are feeding time. In the middle of the day, gorillas take a nap, play with other gorillas or groom each other. At night, the gorillas settle down in patches of leaves and twigs to sleep.
The average lifespan of a Gorilla is 35 years in the wild and over 50 years in zoos.

- Appearance:
Mountain gorillas have long black hair and stocky bodies. Lowland gorillas are built similarly but have red patches of fur on their heads and sides as well as thinner black hair than the mountain Gorillas.

- Diet:
Gorillas are usually herbivores. They consume vegetation such as wild celery, shoots, roots, fruit, tree bark and tree pulp, but they have been known to eat small animals and insects. A male can eat up to 40 lbs (18 kg) of vegetation each day.

- Habitat:
Mountain gorillas can be found in Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on green, volcanic mountains. Lowland gorillas inhabit the forests of central and western Africa in Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A group of gorillas can have a territory of up to 16 square miles (41 square kilometers).

- Breeding:
Like humans, female gorillas have a gestation period of nine months and usually give birth to only one infant at a time. Newborn gorillas weigh about 4 lbs (1.8 kg). Until they reach 2 or 3 years old, young gorillas ride on their mothers' backs as a form of transportation. At around 7 to 10 years, the young gorilla will become mature enough to have its own offspring. At this point, the gorilla will leave its group to find a mate.

- Status:
The mountain gorilla and Eastern lowland gorilla is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This is due to poaching and habitat loss because of mining and agriculture. It is estimated that there are about 680 mountain gorillas left in two isolated populations. According to the IUCN, the Western lowland gorilla is critically endangered, with a population reduction of more than 80 percent over three generations. It is unknown exactly how many of these gorillas are left in the wild.

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footage of chernobyl Gorilla Fact File - Mammals
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